Marso 2018 - ODBEST by Olan Deems – Filipino Business & Engineering Blog

Electrical Works Procedure: Duct Bank Installation

Electrical Works Procedure: Duct Bank Installation

This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE ...

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1:37 AM

Electrical Works Procedure: Cable Tray Installation

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<br />
This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE & LOCATION].To ensure that all electrical installation is carried out safely, and in accordance with good working practice, as per [PROJECT TITLE & LOCATION], job specifications. This procedure is intended to provide general application guidance and establish controls during preparation and installation. <br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Cable Tray Installation</span></b></div>
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<b>Support work</b><br />
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 1 Layout and install cable trays using adequate tie wires as temporary supports. Ensure correct fittings, offsets, routes, and elevations.<br />
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 2 Mark the required location of supports as shown on IFC drawings.<br />
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 3 Fabricate and install braces and support. Cable tray supports should be rigidly attached to adequate bearing surfaces so as to maintain high rigidity. For welded supports, it should be in accordance with an approved welding procedure and to be done by a qualified welder.<br />
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 4 Support welded joints should be cleaned and properly primed as per paint system requirement.<br />
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 5 For a straight horizontal run, cable tray should be supported at a maximum span of 6100mm (20 ft) and within 915mm (3 ft) of fittings. On vertical run, it should be supported on every 2400mm (8 ft) maximum.<br />
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4 Herein below are notations for conduit routing.<br />
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4.1 Conduit runs should be free from any obstruction and unnecessary bending. Where possible conduit runs should be a minimum of 100mm (4 inches) from fireproofed steel and insulated hot fluid lines, or any uninsulated hot object over 150ºC (302ºF).<br />
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4.2 Conduit routed on columns or vessels may be supported by ladder supports. Where it is necessary to route the conduit between the ladder and the column or vessel, maintain a minimum of 153mm (6 inches) for the toe space and should be installed at the right side of vertical step ladders.<br />
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4.3 If conduits change elevation when entering or leaving the main conduit rack, it should not interfere with piping or block space designated for future use or blocked overhead walkway space. Contractor should provide pull points where shown or required to limit the number of bends in any conduit run in accordance with Articles 346, 347, 348, 350, and 351 of the NEC.
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<b>Installation Process</b><br />
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 6 The minimum working space around cable tray should be 1020mm (40 inches) on at least one side of a single tray, 1020mm (40 inches) on both sides of two trays installed parallel to each other.<br />
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 7 Install the standard supplied length which is 3.05, 3.66, 6.10, and 7.32 meters (10, 12, 20, & 24 ft respectively) aluminum or galvanized steel. Anything of those length mentioned should be installed first to the location where it is to be fitted as a whole or without cuts.<br />
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 8 Cable tray fittings should be fitted as per IFC drawing, and should be of radii for the largest cable installed in the tray system.<br />
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 9 Connectors should be rigid straight, adjustable, or expansion type and should be installed with manufacturer supplied hardware and torque to the manufacturers specifications.<br />
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 10 Standard accessories used to supplement straight sections and fittings should be dropouts, conduit adapters, dead-ends, dividers, cable clips, tray to box connectors, hold-down and expansion hardware, and splice plates both fixed and hinged.<br />
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 11 Cable tray splices should be made so that the connectors between horizontal straight sections of cable tray runs fall between the support point and the quarter point of the span. Spliced points should not be made directly over support joints.<br />
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 12 Expansion joints should be installed in each straight run of outdoor cable tray not to exceed 18.2 meters (60 ft) in length, and in each indoor straight run, it should not to exceed 36.5 meters (120 ft) in length.<br />
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 13 Cable trays should only be cut along the line of plain and not through any perforations. After cutting, all sharp edges should be smoothed and if applicable, original finished should be restored..</div>
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14 Cutted part of the cable tray should be touched-up or painted with an approved paint and coating system, unless otherwise noted.<br />
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 15 Cable tray covers should be installed as per IFC drawing after all cables has been installed in the trays and cable installation has been accepted by OWNER. Basic concept of cover is that all cable trays installed outdoor or cable trays installed indoor in area subject for possible mechanical damage should be fitted with vented covers secured to the tray using stainless steel screws or clamps.<br />
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 16 It should be noted herein that high fire risk areas are avoided on cable tray route. If cable tray has to be routed through areas subjected to high fire risk, an appropriate fireproofing and fire protection precautions should be taken.<br />
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 17 Following confirmation of correct installation, submit “Request For Inspection” (RFI) to site QC Section, indicating scheduled time / date for inspection.</div>
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<b>Would you like to have a full copy of the native file of the <u>Construction Procedure for All Electrical Works Installations</u> such as;</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. General Requirements </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2.<a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-work-procedure-grounding-and.html" target="_blank"> Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-conduit.html" target="_blank">Conduit Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-cable-tray.html" target="_blank">Cable Tray Installation</a> <b>{this article}</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-duct-bank.html" target="_blank">Duct Bank Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
6. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-cable-trench.html" target="_blank">Cable Trench Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
7. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-cable.html" target="_blank">Cable Pulling, Splicing & Termination, and Testing</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
8. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-electrical.html" target="_blank">Electrical Lighting Fixture Installatio</a>n<br />
9. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-aircraft.html" target="_blank">Aircraft Warning Light Installation</a><br />
10. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-transformer.html" target="_blank">Transformer Installation</a><br />
11. Motor Control Center<br />
12. Switchgear<br />
13. Metal Enclosed Bus Duct<br />
14. Batteries, Battery Chargers, and UPS System<br />
15. Oil Processing and Filing of Power Transformer </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Also includes: Applicable Codes & Standards, Responsibilities, Quality Control and Assurance, and Safety & Precautions. </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Then, simply just Click the "<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=Y263VV5WHR4CW" target="_blank">Download Now</a></span></b>" below.</div>
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Electrical Works Procedure: Cable Tray Installation

This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE ...

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9:44 PM

Electrical Works Procedure: Conduit Installation

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<br />
This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE & LOCATION].To ensure that all electrical installation is carried out safely, and in accordance with good working practice, as per [PROJECT TITLE & LOCATION], job specifications. This procedure is intended to provide general application guidance and establish controls during preparation and installation. <br />
<br />
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Conduit Installation</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1 Generally, the installation of conduits below grade should be avoided,             except in the buildings where conduit may be installed in concrete floors.<br />
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2 If and only if the exception would prevail, herein stated below are some OWNER standards to be applied.<br />
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2.1 Below grade conduit should be rigid hot dipped galvanized steel.<br />
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2.2 Minimum size for below grade should be 1 inch.<br />
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2.3 Reduction on conduit size should be done on above grade.<br />
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2.4 Below grade bends should be of the larger radius type.<br />
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2.5 Minimum depth for low voltage system conduit installation should be 0.6m below grade and 0.9m below grade for medium voltage systems.<br />
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2.6 There should be no more than three 90º bends in a below grade conduit run.<br />
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2.7 Below grade conduit should have a red tiles or concrete cover.<br />
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2.8 Spare conduit should be provided with pull cords, terminated with plugged couplings and installed flush with finished floor in buildings, or 1 inch above the finished surface in other areas.<br />
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2.9 All conduits embedded in concrete should be inspected to assure continuity and correct position before concrete is being poured.<br />
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3 For above ground conduit installation, layout first to identify the number of conduits at its end of conduit run by using adequate tie wire as temporary supports. The conduit number should match the number shown on IFC drawings.<br />
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4 Herein below are notations for conduit routing.<br />
<br />
4.1 Conduit runs should be free from any obstruction and unnecessary bending. Where possible conduit runs should be a minimum of 100mm (4 inches) from fireproofed steel and insulated hot fluid lines, or any uninsulated hot object over 150ºC (302ºF).<br />
<br />
4.2 Conduit routed on columns or vessels may be supported by ladder supports. Where it is necessary to route the conduit between the ladder and the column or vessel, maintain a minimum of 153mm (6 inches) for the toe space and should be installed at the right side of vertical step ladders.<br />
<br />
4.3 If conduits change elevation when entering or leaving the main conduit rack, it should not interfere with piping or block space designated for future use or blocked overhead walkway space. Contractor should provide pull points where shown or required to limit the number of bends in any conduit run in accordance with Articles 346, 347, 348, 350, and 351 of the NEC.<br />
<br />
4.4 Conduit should be separated by a minimum of 150mm from piping or equipment with surface temperature in excess of 55ºC.<br />
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4.5 Conduit should be parallel or at right angle to walls, columns, beams, etc.<br />
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5 Mark the required location of support needed, and the maximum spacing between two supports should be 3000mm. Also, additional support should be provided at bends, fittings and fixtures as required making the conduit rigid and free from vibrations. To be avoided herein, piping is not permitted as a support of conduits.<br />
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6 Fabricate and install braces and supports as specified on typical drawings and specifications. Support welded joints should be cleaned and properly primed as per paint system requirements. Welding process should also be in accordance with an approved procedure, and uses qualified welders.<br />
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7 Upon fixing above grade conduits on its respective supports and locations, herein below are some OWNER standards.<br />
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7.1 Above grade minimum size should be ¾ inch unless otherwise noted.<br />
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7.2 Above grade conduit should be rigid copper free aluminum or galvanized.<br />
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7.3 All conduits and fittings should have a minimum of 5 threads fully engaged at all connections. Installing threadless conduit fittings on threaded conduits is prohibited.<br />
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7.4 All threads should be made with standard conduit-cutting die and should have 19mm (¾ inch) taper per 305mm (12 inches) length. Running threads are not permitted.<br />
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7.5 All threaded conduit joints should be coated with an approved electrically conductive sealant and corrosion inhibitor. The compound should be made specially for used with rigid steel conduit and fittings.<br />
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7.6 Verify the Rigid Galvanized Steel (RGS), Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT), & Polyvinylchloride (PVC) according to its specified location and standard requirements, including hold-downs and anchor locations. Electrical metallic tubing (EMT) should be restricted in offices, control rooms and other similar buildings with finished interiors.<br />
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7.7 Straight runs of conduit in excess of 150 ft should be provided with an approved expansion fittings.<br />
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7.8 Where conduit runs exceeded an equivalent of 45m or more than the equivalent of four 90º bends, expansion joint fittings should be installed. One 90º bend should be considered an equivalent of 15m of straight run conduit.<br />
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8 In cutting of conduit pipes, any sharp burrs should be removed using a half round file. After which, fittings or ells & tees if required should be fitted on the conduit as per approved of the area of classification and should be suitable for the environment where to be installed.<br />
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9 All empty conduits should be lefted with a nylon pull cord to be installed inside.</div>
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10 Concrete duct banks and conduit stubs-up should be protected. Open ends plugged, bends free of deformities and hard plastic conduit spacer or rebar spacer should be installed as been required. Spacing of spacer of conduits should be as per IFC drawings and specifications.<br />
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11 Conduit run should be completed and cleaned prior to cable pulling. Air blowing of compressed air or by pulling in appropriate size of mandrel through the conduit should be used, or otherwise noted.<br />
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12 Functional check-out and testing should be followed after conduit installations. Wait for the result and OWNER specific written instruction. No conduit seals should be poured until OWNER told to do so.<br />
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13 Conduit seals should be painted red after pouring with sealing compound, unless otherwise noted.<br />
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14 Following completion of installation, submit “Request For Inspection” (RFI) to site QC Section, indicating scheduled time / date for inspection.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b>Would you like to have a full copy of the native file of the <u>Construction Procedure for All Electrical Works Installations</u> such as;</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. General Requirements </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2.<a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-work-procedure-grounding-and.html" target="_blank"> Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation</a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-conduit.html" target="_blank">Conduit Installation</a> <b>{this article}</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-cable-tray.html" target="_blank">Cable Tray Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-duct-bank.html" target="_blank">Duct Bank Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
6. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-cable-trench.html" target="_blank">Cable Trench Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
7. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-cable.html" target="_blank">Cable Pulling, Splicing & Termination, and Testing</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
8. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-electrical.html" target="_blank">Electrical Lighting Fixture Installatio</a>n<br />
9. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-aircraft.html" target="_blank">Aircraft Warning Light Installation</a><br />
10. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-transformer.html" target="_blank">Transformer Installation</a><br />
11. Motor Control Center<br />
12. Switchgear<br />
13. Metal Enclosed Bus Duct<br />
14. Batteries, Battery Chargers, and UPS System<br />
15. Oil Processing and Filing of Power Transformer </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Also includes: Applicable Codes & Standards, Responsibilities, Quality Control and Assurance, and Safety & Precautions. </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Then, simply just Click the "<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=Y263VV5WHR4CW" target="_blank">Download Now</a></span></b>" below.</div>
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Electrical Works Procedure: Conduit Installation

This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE ...

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9:09 PM

Electrical Works Procedure: Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation

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<br />
This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE & LOCATION].To ensure that all electrical installation is carried out safely, and in accordance with good working practice, as per [PROJECT TITLE & LOCATION], job specifications. This procedure is intended to provide general application guidance and establish controls during preparation and installation. <br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation</span></b></div>
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1 Grounding system cables, rods, and other related accessories must be installed as indicated on IFC drawings.</div>
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2 Prior to trenching for underground installations or the driving of grounding electrodes, excavation permits should be completed and approved by OWNER to ensure that the locations of underground interferences or hazards have been considered.</div>
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3 During excavation for grounding system, it should be done in accordance of an approved Procedure for Earth Excavation.</div>
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4 Main grounding wire which is 95mm² bare stranded and soft drawn tinned copper conductors must be buried of at least 600mm below finished grade, and of at least 300mm below concrete paved areas. It should be noted that for every main grounding wire crosses the maintenance way is to be enclosed or supported with 1 inch PVC conduit or otherwise specified.</div>
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5 The first connection should be made to the grounding electrode. Prior to driving, it should be verified that the final backfilling and compaction has already been completed.</div>
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6 Ground electrode should be copper or copper-clad steel having a minimum length of 3,048mm (10ft) long and a diameter of 19mm (¾ inch) or as per typical installation detail. A high silicon rod is specified or intended only on the cathodic protection of tank as per indicated on IFC drawings.</div>
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7 For multiple grounding electrodes of the same grounding system, i.e. instrument system grounding, it should be spaced by 3.5 meters apart minimum, or otherwise specified on IFC drawings.   </div>
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8 Upon driven electrodes unto ground, a bore hole is required. It should be at a minimum depth of 3 meters. Backfilling of its native fill is recommended. </div>
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9 Connect ground electrode to the main ground loop.</div>
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10 Any buried connection should be exothermic welded type. To be more specific, it should be CADWELD or equivalent. </div>
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11 For guidance herein, are steps to be performed using exothermic welding (CADWELD).</div>
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<ul>
<li>11.1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Prior to make a connection, the detailed instructions and safety precautions provided by the manufacturer should be read and understood properly.</li>
<li>11.2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Clean the conductors with an approved cleaning solvent, if required.</li>
<li>11.3<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Placed cables on mold and closed the handles to lock the mold (observed spacing for cables).</li>
<li>11.4<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Drop metal disk and weld metal into the mold.</li>
<li>11.5<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Closed the cover and ignite.</li>
<li>11.6<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Open cover after metal solidifies.</li>
<li>11.7<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Removed slug from the mold in preparation for the next connection.</li>
</ul>
<span style="text-align: justify;">12 Grounding wells and copper plates should be installed according to the location specified on IFC drawings. Standard specifications and instructions must be followed accordingly.  </span><br />
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13 The main grounding cables on above ground should be 95mm² color green PVC insulated & stranded copper conductor and should be enclosed and protected by 1 inch PVC schedule 40.</div>
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14 It has been stated herein (EO2-GO1 page 25), that the minimum grounding cable size above ground shall be 6mm², but in our recent project we are using 16mm² minimum as per IFC General Notes. So therefore, all throughout the process we should used 16mm² color green PVC insulated & stranded copper conductor and should also be enclosed and protected by a minimum of ¾ inch PVC schedule 40.</div>
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15 Approved compression type connectors should be used on above ground connections.</div>
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16 Connect all equipment, machines, tanks, cable trays and others to be grounded provided that all the miscellaneous materials to be used or installed are in accordance with an approved typical installation details & specifications. Location of connection / installation should be based on approved IFC drawings. </div>
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17 For lightning protection system, the working procedure is the same as what grounding system did provided that all details in installation should be in accordance with an approved typical installation details & specifications. Location of connection / installation should be based on approved IFC drawings.</div>
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18 All lightning protection ground loop should be bonded to electrical grounding system.</div>
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19 Herewith, some notes to be remembered in installing grounding system all throughout the process.</div>
<ul>
<li>19.1<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>All stubs up conduit should be sealed with an approved conductive sealant after installation (refer to para 5.3 - conduit installation).</li>
<li>19.2<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>All equipment and structure grounding connections are to be painted with corrosive resisting paint, immediately after installation.</li>
</ul>
<span style="text-align: justify;">20 Grounding loop resistance must not exceed to one (1) ohm. This should be provided throughout the process unit for grounding of all electrical equipment, vessels, tanks, pipe rack steel, buildings, and other equipment and metal structures. All area ground loops and substation ground loops shall be interconnected to form a plant wide integrated ground loop. Install additional grounding rods if the required resistance is not achieved (Subject for approval of OWNER). </span><br />
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21<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>After installation, the grounding system and electrodes should be tested to ensure conformance to the maximum grounding resistance requirements as per attached Table 1. Notify OWNER if test results are not satisfactory.  </div>
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22 Following completion of installation, submit “Request For Inspection” (RFI) to site QC Section, indicating scheduled time / date for inspection.</div>
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<b>Would you like to have a full copy of the native file of the <u>Construction Procedure for All Electrical Works Installations</u> such as;</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
1. General Requirements </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
2.<a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-work-procedure-grounding-and.html" target="_blank"> Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation</a> <b>{this article}</b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
3. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-conduit.html" target="_blank">Conduit Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
4. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-cable-tray.html" target="_blank">Cable Tray Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
5. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/03/electrical-works-procedure-duct-bank.html" target="_blank">Duct Bank Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
6. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-cable-trench.html" target="_blank">Cable Trench Installation</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
7. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-cable.html" target="_blank">Cable Pulling, Splicing & Termination, and Testing</a> </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
8. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-electrical.html" target="_blank">Electrical Lighting Fixture Installatio</a>n<br />
9. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-aircraft.html" target="_blank">Aircraft Warning Light Installation</a><br />
10. <a href="https://www.olandeems.com/2018/05/electrical-works-procedure-transformer.html" target="_blank">Transformer Installation</a><br />
11. Motor Control Center<br />
12. Switchgear<br />
13. Metal Enclosed Bus Duct<br />
14. Batteries, Battery Chargers, and UPS System<br />
15. Oil Processing and Filing of Power Transformer </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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Also includes: Applicable Codes & Standards, Responsibilities, Quality Control and Assurance, and Safety & Precautions. </div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
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Electrical Works Procedure: Grounding and Lightning Protection Installation

This Procedure is applicable to all electrical item installation activities at site, which are to be installed on the [PROJECT TITLE ...

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6:29 PM

Variations & Subcontract Amendments Procedure

<b><span style="font-size: large;">Definitions</span></b><br />
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Variation means any addition or reduction to the Scope of Work or services requested to the Subcontractor from that previously defined in the Subcontract drawings, specifications to be executed according to the provisions of the terms of the Subcontract.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Introductory Statement</span></b><br />
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The Main Contractor shall notify to the Owner as to and when the Subcontractor identifies a Variation. As a general rule, any work carried out as a result of a Variation shall not commence until the Variation is approved unless, in the opinion of the Construction Manager, any delay caused by the approval process might result in additional costs. In all cases a Variation Form must be signed by the Subcontractors authorized Site Representative to show that the Subcontractor accepts the work and the method of payment, prior to the commencement of the Work itself.<br />
<br />
In cases of disagreement, the Subcontractor may sign the Variation under protest or as noted but in any case will be obliged to carry out the work.<br />
Whenever the Subcontractor is requested to carry out work relevant to a Variation on a day work Rate basis, Main Contractors site supervision will strictly monitor and supervise the work in order to ensure the expected productivity and to verify the hours for the labor and equipment utilized. In special cases where the Variation shall be performed based on timesheet basis, Subcontractor shall immediately secure signature from the Main Contractor on the attendance sheet of workers prior to the start of the work and likewise shall be signed by Main Contractor immediately after the work have finished.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Type of Variation</span></b><br />
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The Changes or Subcontract Amendment between the Main Contractor and the Subcontractor shall be arranged according to the the General Terms and Conditions of the Subcontract. A Variation may involve and be considered as following types:<br />
<br />
1) A variation initiated by the Subcontractor based on a revision to drawings, <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>specifications or any other written instruction by the Main Contractor (It would not <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>be applied if a revision were to have been received before the work has <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>been commenced).<br />
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2) A variation requested by Main Contractor for changes or additional <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>work required completing a particular part of the works but not included in <span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>the original Scope of Work of the Subcontract.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Basis of Payment for a Variation</span></b><br />
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A Variation may refer to any type of work, as defined above, to be paid as follows:<br />
<br />
<br />
1) Re-measurable Basis<br />
2) Using existing unit rates basis<br />
3) New unit rates basis (pro-rated from existing rates, where possible)<br />
4) Day work rates plus cost of materials (if any)<br />
<br />
The above sequence is the order of priority of the four methods of payment for a Work Order. As a rule, work on day work rate basis shall be kept to a minimum where possible.<br />
New unit rates shall be derived from the existing rates in the Subcontractor on a pro-rata basis whenever possible.<br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">Closure of Variation</span></b><br />
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When the Discipline Superintendent, through the Area Construction Superintendent, together with all other relevant departments such as Engineering, QA/QC confirms to the Construction Manager that a particular Variation is technically accepted, the Construction Manager shall raise a formal notice of completion signed by him and issued to the Subcontractor.<br />
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The Variation will then be incorporated in the next monthly Change Order log.<br />
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Variations & Subcontract Amendments Procedure

Definitions Variation means any addition or reduction to the Scope of Work or services requested to the Subcontractor from that previously...

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8:13 AM

Hidden Spot in Quezon Province: Pulong Niyogan & I Love Matinik Kubo-Kubo

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My adventure led me to <b>Pulong Niyugan <i>(Niyogan)</i>,</b> <b><span style="font-size: large;">Hondagua - Province of Quezon,</span></b> and an overnight stay at <b style="font-size: x-large;">"</b><i style="font-size: x-large; font-weight: bold;">I love Matinik</i><b style="font-size: x-large;">"</b> the name of the "<i>kubo-kubo</i>" in<b style="font-size: x-large;"> Lopez - Province of Quezon. </b></div>
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<b style="font-size: x-large;"></b></div>
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  <br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><center><iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/dfbXcfLDSfc" width="560"></iframe></center></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>
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BTW, the direct translation of "<b><i>Pulong Niyugan (Niyogan)</i></b>" is Coconut Island while "<b><i>Matinik</i></b>" is thorny and the "Kubo" is a nipa-hut which is a kind of stilt house indigenous to the cultures of the Philippines. </div>
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<b>    <i>I love Matinik, Lopez - Province of Quezon, Philippines</i></b></div>
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    <b><i>Pulong Niyogan, Hondagua, Philippines</i></b></div>
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Pulong Niyogan Island is located in Hondagua, Quezon. It is the biggest of the three islands near the shore of the municipality of Lopez and the neighboring towns of Calauag and Gumaca. The beach area is gradually sloping with crystal-clear waters, beautiful rock formations, and healthy coral gardens. </div>
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It took us around 7 hours to reach this wonderful place. It's a long enjoyable ride but the first impression gave us relief and refreshment upon reaching this hidden tourist spot of the province. </div>
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Actually, before we reach this place, I gonna tour you by photos of the place we've stopped along our way. I can't remember exactly the name of these places...</div>
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<b>DAPH's SEAFOOD RESTAURANT</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Along the way, don't miss to drop at Daph's Seafood Restaurant located at Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Tanauan, Plaridel, Quezon. This restaurant has friendly and accommodating staff and serves home-cooked style meals at very reasonable prices. Its picturesque sea view rewards you with relaxing and fresh air to welcome you after a long drive. It's quite a big restaurant, very spacious, that could accommodate around a hundred people at the same time.</div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">We've enjoyed riding on a skate with views of rice fields, mountain ranges, ravines, and small communities in the towns of Plaridel, Gumaca, Lopez, Calauag, and Tagkawayan... Skates are makeshift carts that run on the tracks of the Philippines' longest train railway.  It is an informal public transport with no permit to operate and safety precautions. So, we ride at our own risk! When you're new to it, it appears scary because sometimes these skates rattle while passing on connections or joints of the railroads and wooden bridges. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">One fun moment that I won't forget as I saw one person lifting this cart I thought its weight was so light but when I tried lifting it, I couldn't even lift an inch. It was so heavy. Actually, I was told these carts are normally lifted by 2 people. These skates carry up to 10 to 16 passengers. </div><br />
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On our first night, we stayed at "<b>Villa Paraiso Hotel & Restaurant</b>" located at <i>Maharlika Highway, Calauag - Province of Quezon, Philippines</i>. It is built on the side of a hill with stiff and many steps of stairs between the guest rooms and the lobby/restaurant. As we observed, it is not conducive for anybody who is physically handicapped. </div>
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It was not summer when we went on this island, so the silence was so disturbing and maybe it could be frightening if you're alone. However, it may be the reason why the rocks, mangroves, white sand, and water are undisturbed and beautiful.</div>
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Well, I have so many things to tell you or share with you here... just allow me to share these photos below that will speak for themselves.</div>
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Wanna say Good Luck for your future plan to tour on this island. I am sure that you'd love and enjoy it. I am planning to visit here again soon.</div>
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Hidden Spot in Quezon Province: Pulong Niyogan & I Love Matinik Kubo-Kubo

My adventure led me to Pulong Niyugan (Niyogan) , Hondagua - Province of Quezon, and an overnight stay at " I love Matinik " ...

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Hidden Spot in Quezon Province: Pulong Niyogan & I Love Matinik Kubo-Kubo

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